* The data is last updated on 10th February, 2023 from GISAID, based on 2379 variants from (14.9 million sequences) and 34 primer sets.
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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 2379 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1.177.7 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -21259 | Germany |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20682.9 | Germany |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -21907.1 | China |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20966.7 | China |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -17339.6 | China |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -18150 | China |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20682.9 | Germany |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -21907.1 | China |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20966.7 | China |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -17339.6 | China |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -18150 | China |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -19940.8 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -21907.1 | China |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20966.7 | China |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -17339.6 | China |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -18150 | China |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -21259 | Germany |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20682.9 | Germany |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20966.7 | China |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14817.2 | China |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20682.9 | Germany |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -21907.1 | China |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -17339.6 | China |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20966.7 | China |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -18150 | China |
| BA.1.15 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -21259 | Germany |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -17339.6 | China |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -18150 | China |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -21907.1 | China |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -19500.7 | Germany |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -19940.8 | South Korea |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15679.8 | South Korea |
| BA.1.15 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15679.8 | South Korea |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20682.9 | Germany |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -18150 | China |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20966.7 | China |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -19940.8 | South Korea |
| AY.100 (Delta) | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -21259 | Germany |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -19500.7 | Germany |
| B.1.177.7 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20682.9 | Germany |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -16823.1 | South Korea |
| BA.1.13.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15679.8 | South Korea |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -17439.2 | China |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -19940.8 | South Korea |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |