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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
BA.2.87	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
BA.2.87	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
BA.2.87	E	Niu-E	TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC	20	40	26303	26322	F	-19913.4	China
BA.2.87	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-20723.8	China
BA.5.2.33	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
BA.5.2.33	E	Won-E	CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA	20	50	26365	26346	R	-19261.4	South Korea
BA.5.2.33	E	Charité-E	ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT	26	34.62	26269	26294	F	-22616.4	Germany
BA.5.2.33	E	Charité-E	ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA	22	45.45	26381	26360	R	-23527.6	Germany
BA.5.2.33	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
BA.5.2.33	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
BA.5.2.33	E	Niu-E	TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC	20	40	26303	26322	F	-19913.4	China
BA.5.2.33	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-20723.8	China
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-22650	South Korea
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Won-E	CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA	20	50	26365	26346	R	-19261.4	South Korea
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Charité-E	ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT	26	34.62	26269	26294	F	-24645.6	Germany
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Charité-E	ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA	22	45.45	26381	26360	R	-23527.6	Germany
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Niu-E	TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC	20	40	26303	26322	F	-19913.4	China
AY.4.1 (Delta)	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-20723.8	China
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-22650	South Korea
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Won-E	CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA	20	50	26365	26346	R	-19261.4	South Korea
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Charité-E	ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT	26	34.62	26269	26294	F	-24645.6	Germany
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Charité-E	ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA	22	45.45	26381	26360	R	-23527.6	Germany
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Niu-E	TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC	20	40	26303	26322	F	-19913.4	China
P.1.16 (Gamma)	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-20723.8	China
BA.2.10.3	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
BA.2.10.3	E	Won-E	CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA	20	50	26365	26346	R	-19261.4	South Korea
BA.2.10.3	E	Charité-E	ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT	26	34.62	26269	26294	F	-22616.4	Germany
BA.2.10.3	E	Charité-E	ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA	22	45.45	26381	26360	R	-23527.6	Germany
BA.2.10.3	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
BA.2.10.3	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
BA.2.10.3	E	Niu-E	TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC	20	40	26303	26322	F	-19913.4	China
BA.2.10.3	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-20723.8	China
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-22650	South Korea
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Won-E	CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA	20	50	26365	26346	R	-19261.4	South Korea
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Charité-E	ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT	26	34.62	26269	26294	F	-24645.6	Germany
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Charité-E	ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA	22	45.45	26381	26360	R	-23527.6	Germany
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Niu-E	TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC	20	40	26303	26322	F	-19913.4	China
AY.4.5 (Delta)	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-20723.8	China
AY.34.1 (Delta)	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-22650	South Korea
AY.34.1 (Delta)	E	Won-E	CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA	20	50	26365	26346	R	-19261.4	South Korea
AY.34.1 (Delta)	E	Charité-E	ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT	26	34.62	26269	26294	F	-24645.6	Germany
AY.34.1 (Delta)	E	Charité-E	ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA	22	45.45	26381	26360	R	-23527.6	Germany
AY.34.1 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
AY.34.1 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC	20	55	26376	26357	R	-23540.5	China
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used