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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BA.2.83 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BJ.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XDG | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| GA.4 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| KD.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| DV.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BA.5.2.11 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BA.2.53 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BA.4.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| EU.1.1.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| CM.2.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.1.43 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| HU.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JB.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.55 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| HH.8.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| CH.1.1.22 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.1.36 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.1.37 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.2.10 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BQ.1.21 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BN.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -19313.7 | China |
| BN.1.8 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| AD.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.6 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BQ.1.26.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XCS | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| GA.7.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| FL.15.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BA.2.40 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| CR.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| KB.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| GK.11 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| CJ.1.3.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XAN | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BN.1.4.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| AY.123.1 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| AY.9.2.2 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| EW.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBF.7 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BQ.1.1.37 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BN.1.4.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| EW.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| CH.1.1.17 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.2.8 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBF.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBP | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| AY.68 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BQ.1.1.14 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |