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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
FL.4.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
FL.4.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBB.1.16.20	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XBB.1.16.20	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBB.1.34.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XBB.1.34.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBB.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-16841.5	Japan
XBB.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
JD.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
JD.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.25	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.25	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XBB.1.5.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
GG.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
GG.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
FL.3.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
FL.3.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
CK.1.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
CK.1.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.34	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XBB.1.5.34	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.1.65	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.1.65	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.10	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.10	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.1.38	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
DT.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
DT.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XBB.1.5.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
DS.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
DS.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.1.79	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.1.79	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.14	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.14	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
FD.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
FD.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
CM.7	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-18076.7	Japan
CM.7	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.25.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.25.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
BQ.1.13.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BQ.1.13.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
XBC.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-20973.1	Japan
XBC.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
GC.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
GC.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used