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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JN.1.18.5 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.18.5 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.16.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.16.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| LR.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| LR.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| KR.4 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| KR.4 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| LQ.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| LQ.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XDK.5 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| XDK.5 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.4.8 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.4.8 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JF.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JF.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.2.3.19 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| XBB.2.3.19 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -18124.6 | China |
| JD.1.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JD.1.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XDA | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| XDA | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.39.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.39.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.58.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.58.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.18.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.18.3 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| LF.4.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -17079.9 | China |
| LF.4.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XDK.1.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| XDK.1.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.20 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.20 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.13.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.13.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.32.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.32.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.4.7 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.4.7 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| BA.2.86.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| BA.2.86.1 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.34 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.34 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| HK.3.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| HK.3.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JN.1.6 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JN.1.6 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| JG.3.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -21402.5 | China |
| JG.3.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -21075.5 | China |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |