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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JN.1.27 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| JN.1.12 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -22762.7 | Japan |
| JN.1.12 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| JN.1.51 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -1403.3 | Japan |
| JN.1.51 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| JN.1.1.9 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -22762.7 | Japan |
| JN.1.1.9 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| JN.19 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -22762.7 | Japan |
| JN.19 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| KU.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -22762.7 | Japan |
| KU.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FY.4.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| FY.4.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.103 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.103 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| HC.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| HC.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FE.1.1.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| FE.1.1.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.94 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.94 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| GK.7 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -1403.3 | Japan |
| GK.7 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.16.14 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| XBB.1.16.14 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| EG.5.1.5 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| EG.5.1.5 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FL.28 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| FL.28 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FL.20.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -1403.3 | Japan |
| FL.20.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.110 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.110 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.2.86.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -22762.7 | Japan |
| GK.2.1.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| GK.2.1.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| HG.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| HG.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| GE.1.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| GE.1.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XCQ | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -1403.3 | Japan |
| XCQ | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| GS.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | 1233.44 | Japan |
| GS.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| EG.11 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| EG.11 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| HY.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -1403.3 | Japan |
| HY.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| JC.5 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -23366.4 | Japan |
| JC.5 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |