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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
KP.2.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.3.1.6	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.3.1.6	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.3.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.3.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.3.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.3.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
LB.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
LB.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.1.1.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.1.1.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.2.15	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.2.15	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.2.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.2.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.1.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.1.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
LB.1.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
LB.1.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.3.3.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.3.3.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
LB.1.7	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
LB.1.7	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
JN.1.16.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
JN.1.16.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
LW.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
LW.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
LP.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
LP.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
LB.1.2.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
LB.1.2.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.3.3.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.3.3.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.3.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.3.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.1.1.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.1.1.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
KP.2.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
KP.2.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
JN.1.7.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
JN.1.7.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
B.1.177.25	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
B.1.177.25	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
AY.23.2 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
AY.23.2 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
AY.104 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
AY.104 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC	22	40.91	837	816	R	-21257.9	Japan
B.1.198	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used