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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBB.2.3.10 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| B.1.620 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| B.1.620 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| JN.2.4 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| JN.2.4 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -26378.9 | Japan |
| XDM | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| XDM | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| BA.1.16 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BA.1.16 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| BA.2.30 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BA.2.30 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| JN.3.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| JN.3.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -26378.9 | Japan |
| LV.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| LV.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -26378.9 | Japan |
| HK.23 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| HK.23 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| GE.1.2.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -2242.74 | Japan |
| GE.1.2.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| JN.2.2.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| JN.2.2.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -26378.9 | Japan |
| JC.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| JC.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| HK.21 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| HK.21 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| JN.2.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| JN.2.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -26378.9 | Japan |
| B.1.617.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| B.1.617.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.109 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.109 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.4.2.2 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.4.2.2 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.4.2.3 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.4.2.3 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.4.8 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.4.8 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| B.1.617.1 (Kappa) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| B.1.617.1 (Kappa) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.4.3 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.4.3 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.46.5 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.46.5 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| AY.4.1 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| AY.4.1 (Delta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| KE.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| KE.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| FY.8.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| FY.8.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -25657.5 | Japan |
| C.30 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |