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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
B.1.1.166	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.1.1.166	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.1.166	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
AY.4.11 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
AY.4.11 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
AY.4.11 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
AY.4.11 (Delta)	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-2999.47	Singapore
AY.4.11 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
AY.4.11 (Delta)	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
AY.4.11 (Delta)	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
B.1.1.4	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.1.1.4	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.1.1.4	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.1.1.4	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.1.1.4	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.1.1.4	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.1.4	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
AY.34.2 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
AY.34.2 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
AY.34.2 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
AY.34.2 (Delta)	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-2999.47	Singapore
AY.34.2 (Delta)	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
AY.34.2 (Delta)	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
AY.34.2 (Delta)	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
B.1.1.50	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.1.1.50	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.1.1.50	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.1.1.50	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.1.1.50	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.1.1.50	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.1.50	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	1233.44	Japan
B.60	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.60	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.60	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.60	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.60	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.60	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.60	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
B.52	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.52	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.52	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.52	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.52	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.52	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-21820.8	US
B.52	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
W.3	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
W.3	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
W.3	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
W.3	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
W.3	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used