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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
B.1.1.320	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
B.1.1.320	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
B.1.1.320	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
B.1.1.320	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
B.1.1.320	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
C.33	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
C.33	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
C.33	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
C.33	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
C.33	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
C.33	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
C.33	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
C.33	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
B.1.635	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
B.1.635	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
B.1.635	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
B.1.635	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
B.1.635	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
B.1.635	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
B.1.635	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
B.1.635	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
C.21	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
C.21	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
C.21	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
C.21	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
C.21	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
C.21	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
C.21	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
C.21	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
C.14	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
C.14	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
C.14	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
C.14	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
C.14	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
C.14	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
C.14	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
C.14	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
AY.19 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
AY.19 (Delta)	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
AY.19 (Delta)	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
AY.19 (Delta)	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
AY.19 (Delta)	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
AY.19 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
AY.19 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
AY.19 (Delta)	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
N.4	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
N.4	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
N.4	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
N.4	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
N.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used