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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HK.3 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| HK.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -21969.5 | Japan |
| HK.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| HK.3 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| EG.5.1.14 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -18581.4 | France |
| EG.5.1.14 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -20306.2 | China |
| EG.5.1.14 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -3370.08 | Thailand |
| EG.5.1.14 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -23131.5 | Germany |
| EG.5.1.14 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| EG.5.1.14 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -1981.59 | Japan |
| EG.5.1.14 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| EG.5.1.14 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| JN.1.7.9 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -18581.4 | France |
| JN.1.7.9 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -20306.2 | China |
| JN.1.7.9 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -3370.08 | Thailand |
| JN.1.7.9 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -23131.5 | Germany |
| JN.1.7.9 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| JN.1.7.9 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -21969.5 | Japan |
| JN.1.7.9 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| JN.1.7.9 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| KW.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -18581.4 | France |
| KW.1 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -20306.2 | China |
| KW.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -3370.08 | Thailand |
| KW.1 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -23131.5 | Germany |
| KW.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| KW.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -21969.5 | Japan |
| KW.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| KW.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| MF.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -18581.4 | France |
| MF.1 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -20306.2 | China |
| MF.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -3370.08 | Thailand |
| MF.1 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -23131.5 | Germany |
| MF.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| MF.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -21969.5 | Japan |
| MF.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| MF.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| LF.2 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -18581.4 | France |
| LF.2 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -20306.2 | China |
| LF.2 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -3370.08 | Thailand |
| LF.2 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -23131.5 | Germany |
| LF.2 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| LF.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -21969.5 | Japan |
| LF.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| LF.2 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| KR.3 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -18581.4 | France |
| KR.3 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -20306.2 | China |
| KR.3 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -3370.08 | Thailand |
| KR.3 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -23131.5 | Germany |
| KR.3 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| KR.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -21969.5 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |