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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA.2.12 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BM.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BM.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.2.28 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BA.5.2.28 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.2.62 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -820.864 | US |
| BA.5.2.62 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.2.24 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -820.864 | US |
| BA.5.2.24 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.8 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -820.864 | US |
| BA.5.8 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.2.13.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| BA.2.13.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BF.28 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BF.28 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -820.864 | US |
| BA.5.1.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BE.1.1.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -1549.93 | US |
| BE.1.1.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XAZ | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BE.4 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BE.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.24 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| BA.5.1.24 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.16 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BA.5.1.16 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.2.26 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BA.5.2.26 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.7 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BN.1.3.7 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BF.25 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BF.25 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.9 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -820.864 | US |
| BA.5.9 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BF.7.4.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BF.7.4.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26313.4 | US |
| BN.1.3.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BL.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -25183.9 | US |
| BL.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.2.47 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BA.5.2.47 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| ED.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| ED.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BN.1.2.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -23292.7 | US |
| BN.1.2.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| CQ.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| CQ.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| CH.1.1.24 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| CH.1.1.24 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |