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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1.1.398 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| B.1.1.398 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -22650 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.398 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| B.1.1.398 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| B.1.1.398 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| B.1.1.398 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| B.1.1.163 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| B.1.1.163 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.1.163 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| B.1.1.163 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -22650 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.163 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23021.9 | US |
| B.1.1.163 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| B.1.1.163 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| B.1.1.163 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| P.3 (Theta) | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| P.3 (Theta) | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| P.3 (Theta) | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| P.3 (Theta) | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -22650 | South Korea |
| P.3 (Theta) | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| P.3 (Theta) | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| P.3 (Theta) | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| P.3 (Theta) | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| BA.2.38.1 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| BA.2.38.1 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| BA.2.38.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BA.2.38.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BA.2.38.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BA.2.38.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BA.2.38.1 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| BA.2.38.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| XAV | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| XAV | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| XAV | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XAV | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| XAV | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XAV | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| XAV | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| XAV | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| BE.1.4.4 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| BE.1.4.4 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| BE.1.4.4 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BE.1.4.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BE.1.4.4 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BE.1.4.4 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BE.1.4.4 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| BE.1.4.4 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| XBC.1.3 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| XBC.1.3 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| XBC.1.3 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBC.1.3 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -22650 | South Korea |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |