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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| CM.2 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| CM.2 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| CM.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| CM.2 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| CM.2 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.4 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| BA.5.1.4 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| BA.5.1.4 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BA.5.1.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BA.5.1.4 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BA.5.1.4 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.4 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.4 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.34 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| BA.5.1.34 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| BA.5.1.34 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BA.5.1.34 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BA.5.1.34 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BA.5.1.34 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -1885.04 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.34 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.34 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| BQ.1.6 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| BQ.1.6 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| BQ.1.6 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BQ.1.6 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BQ.1.6 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BQ.1.6 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BQ.1.6 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| BQ.1.6 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| BA.2.35 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| BA.2.35 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| BA.2.35 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BA.2.35 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BA.2.35 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BA.2.35 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -24908.9 | Japan |
| BA.2.35 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| BA.2.35 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| EG.1.5 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| EG.1.5 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| EG.1.5 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| EG.1.5 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| EG.1.5 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| EG.1.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -2925.46 | Japan |
| EG.1.5 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -20966 | Japan |
| EG.1.5 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -21400.8 | Japan |
| XBB.8 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -20516.2 | China |
| XBB.8 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -17655.9 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.8 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.8 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |