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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
BA.5.6.4	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
BA.5.6.4	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
BA.5.6.4	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
BA.5.6.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
BA.5.6.4	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
BA.5.6.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
BA.2.34	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
BA.2.34	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
BA.2.34	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
BA.2.34	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
BA.2.34	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
BA.2.34	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
BA.2.34	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
BA.2.34	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
CH.1.1.12	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
CH.1.1.12	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
CH.1.1.12	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
CH.1.1.12	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
CH.1.1.12	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
CH.1.1.12	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
CH.1.1.12	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2556.23	Japan
CH.1.1.12	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-5266.28	Japan
BA.2.9.1	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
BA.2.9.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
BA.2.9.1	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
BA.2.9.1	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
BA.2.9.1	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
BA.2.9.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
BA.2.9.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
BA.2.9.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
BN.1.4.4	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
BN.1.4.4	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
BN.1.4.4	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
BN.1.4.4	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
BN.1.4.4	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
BN.1.4.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
BN.1.4.4	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
BN.1.4.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
BA.5.2.58	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
BA.5.2.58	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
BA.5.2.58	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
BA.5.2.58	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
BA.5.2.58	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
BA.5.2.58	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
BA.5.2.58	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
BA.5.2.58	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XAY.2.1	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
XAY.2.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XAY.2.1	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XAY.2.1	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-22650	South Korea
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used