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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
JM.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
JM.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XBB.1.22.3	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
XBB.1.22.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XBB.1.22.3	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.22.3	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.22.3	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.22.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XBB.1.22.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XBB.1.22.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
GS.3	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-1313	China
GS.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
GS.3	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
GS.3	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
GS.3	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
GS.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-2242.74	Japan
GS.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
GS.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-3248.97	Japan
HK.24	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
HK.24	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
HK.24	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
HK.24	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
HK.24	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
HK.24	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
HK.24	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
HK.24	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XCF	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
XCF	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XCF	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XCF	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XCF	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XCF	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XCF	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XCF	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
CH.1.1.32	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-1313	China
CH.1.1.32	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
CH.1.1.32	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
CH.1.1.32	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
CH.1.1.32	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
CH.1.1.32	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-2242.74	Japan
CH.1.1.32	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
CH.1.1.32	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-2871.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.109	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-1313	China
XBB.1.5.109	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.109	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.5.109	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.5.109	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.5.109	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-2242.74	Japan
XBB.1.5.109	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20346.1	Japan
XBB.1.5.109	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-14169.3	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used