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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FL.21.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -23140.2 | China |
| FL.21.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | GGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAA | 22 | 45.45 | 28681 | 28702 | F | -22824.1 | US |
| FL.21.1 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -21953.9 | Singapore |
| FL.21.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| FL.21.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| FP.2.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -17266.7 | Germany |
| FP.2.1 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -23527.6 | Germany |
| FP.2.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| FP.2.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -23140.2 | China |
| FP.2.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | GGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAA | 22 | 45.45 | 28681 | 28702 | F | -22824.1 | US |
| FP.2.1 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -21953.9 | Singapore |
| FP.2.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| FP.2.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.92 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -17266.7 | Germany |
| XBB.1.5.92 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -23527.6 | Germany |
| XBB.1.5.92 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| XBB.1.5.92 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -23140.2 | China |
| XBB.1.5.92 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | GGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAA | 22 | 45.45 | 28681 | 28702 | F | -22824.1 | US |
| XBB.1.5.92 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -21953.9 | Singapore |
| XBB.1.5.92 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.5.92 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.42 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -17266.7 | Germany |
| XBB.1.5.42 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -23527.6 | Germany |
| XBB.1.5.42 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -5518.4 | China |
| XBB.1.5.42 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -4914.61 | China |
| XBB.1.5.42 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | GGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAA | 22 | 45.45 | 28681 | 28702 | F | -22824.1 | US |
| XBB.1.5.42 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -21953.9 | Singapore |
| XBB.1.5.42 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -893.215 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.5.42 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| FL.35.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -17266.7 | Germany |
| FL.35.1 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -23527.6 | Germany |
| FL.35.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| FL.35.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -23140.2 | China |
| FL.35.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | GGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAA | 22 | 45.45 | 28681 | 28702 | F | -22824.1 | US |
| FL.35.1 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -21953.9 | Singapore |
| FL.35.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| FL.35.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| KP.2.3.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| KP.3.2.5 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -20262.1 | Germany |
| KP.3.2.5 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -23527.6 | Germany |
| KP.3.2.5 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| KP.3.2.5 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -19646.7 | China |
| KP.3.2.5 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | GGGAGCCTTGAATACACCAAAA | 22 | 45.45 | 28681 | 28702 | F | -22824.1 | US |
| KP.3.2.5 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -21953.9 | Singapore |
| KP.3.2.5 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -18800.2 | Hong Kong |
| KP.3.2.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -21257.9 | Japan |
| LU.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -20262.1 | Germany |
| LU.2 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -23527.6 | Germany |
| LU.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| LU.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -17999.1 | China |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |