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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
XBB.1.42.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XBB.1.42.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
DZ.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
DZ.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
DZ.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
DZ.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
DZ.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
DZ.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
DZ.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
DZ.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
BF.7.14.3	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
BF.7.14.3	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
BF.7.14.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
BF.7.14.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
DY.4	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
DY.4	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
DY.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
DY.4	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XBB.1.12	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
XBB.1.12	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XBB.1.12	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XBB.1.12	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
LL.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
LL.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XBB.1.22	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
XBB.1.22	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XBB.1.22	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XBB.1.22	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
HK.3.13	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
HK.3.13	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
HK.3.13	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
HK.3.13	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XCU	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
XCU	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XCU	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XCU	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.6	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.6	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.6	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.6	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
HK.27.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
HK.27.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
HK.27.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
HK.27.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
KB.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
KB.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
KB.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
KB.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.14	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.14	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used