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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
XBB.1.5.85	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FU.5	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-17081.4	China
FU.5	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FU.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FU.5	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XBB.2.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FL.18.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
FL.18.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FL.18.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FL.18.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FL.15	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
FL.15	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FL.15	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FL.15	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
EG.14	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
EG.14	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
EG.14	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
EG.14	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FL.14	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
FL.14	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FL.14	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FL.14	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XBB.2.3.12	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
XBB.2.3.12	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XBB.2.3.12	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XBB.2.3.12	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FL.23.2.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
FL.23.2.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FL.23.2.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FL.23.2.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FL.21.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-17507.2	China
FL.21.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FL.21.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FL.21.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
EG.5.1.4	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
EG.5.1.4	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
EG.5.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
EG.5.1.4	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
EG.5.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
EG.5.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
EG.5.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
EG.5.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
HK.28	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
HK.28	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
HK.28	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
HK.28	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XBB.1.9	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-4360.53	China
XBB.1.9	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XBB.1.9	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XBB.1.9	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-4117.64	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used