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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
JN.1.48.3	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.1.48.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.1.48.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
LR.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
LR.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
LR.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
LR.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
LF.5	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
LF.5	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
LF.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
LF.5	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
LB.1.4.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
LB.1.4.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
LB.1.4.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-23365.8	Japan
LB.1.4.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.1.64	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.1.64	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.1.64	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.1.64	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.9	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.9	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.9	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.9	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.1.44	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.1.44	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.1.44	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.1.44	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.1.32	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.1.32	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.1.32	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
JN.1.32	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
EG.5.1.19	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-18660.1	China
EG.5.1.19	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
EG.5.1.19	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
EG.5.1.19	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
KP.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
KP.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
KP.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
KP.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XDK.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
XDK.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XDK.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
XDK.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
B.1.1.192	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
B.1.1.192	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
B.1.1.192	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
B.1.1.192	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
JN.1.39.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
JN.1.39.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
JN.1.39.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used