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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
BN.1.9	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
BQ.1.28	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
BQ.1.28	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
BQ.1.28	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
BQ.1.28	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
DG.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
DG.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
DG.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
DG.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
BA.5.2.56	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
BA.5.2.56	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
BA.5.2.56	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
BA.5.2.56	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
KP.2.13	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
KP.2.13	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
KP.2.13	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
KP.2.13	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
XDP.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
XDP.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
XDP.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-26378.9	Japan
XDP.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
HN.8	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
HN.8	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
HN.8	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
HN.8	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
KL.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
KL.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
KL.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
KL.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
HK.24.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
HK.24.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
HK.24.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
HK.24.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
GK.2.4	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
GK.2.4	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
GK.2.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
GK.2.4	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
FL.1.5.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
FL.1.5.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
FL.1.5.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
FL.1.5.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
EE.2	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
EE.2	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
EE.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
EE.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
DB.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
DB.1	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-23117.2	US
DB.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG	23	52.17	896	874	R	-25657.5	Japan
DB.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-22193.2	Japan
BW.1.1.1	N	Chan-N	TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG	23	34.78	29306	29284	R	-21867.4	China
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used