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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
BF.7.14.1	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
BF.7.14.1	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-4270.22	Thailand
BF.7.14.1	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
BF.7.14.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BF.7.14.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BF.7.14.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BF.7.14.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BN.1.3.10	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
BN.1.3.10	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
BN.1.3.10	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-3370.08	Thailand
BN.1.3.10	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
BN.1.3.10	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BN.1.3.10	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BN.1.3.10	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BN.1.3.10	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
DY.2	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
DY.2	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
DY.2	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-4270.22	Thailand
DY.2	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
DY.2	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
DY.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
DY.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
DY.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BA.5.2.48	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
BA.5.2.48	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
BA.5.2.48	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-4270.22	Thailand
BA.5.2.48	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
BA.5.2.48	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.5.2.48	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BA.5.2.48	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.5.2.48	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BA.5.2.49	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
BA.5.2.49	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
BA.5.2.49	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-4270.22	Thailand
BA.5.2.49	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
BA.5.2.49	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.5.2.49	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BA.5.2.49	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.5.2.49	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BF.7.14.4	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
BF.7.14.4	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
BF.7.14.4	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-4270.22	Thailand
BF.7.14.4	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
BF.7.14.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BF.7.14.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
BF.7.14.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BF.7.14.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.2.3.11	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
XBB.2.3.11	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
XBB.2.3.11	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-3370.08	Thailand
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used