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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
B.1.1.172	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
B.1.1.172	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
B.1.110	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
B.1.110	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
B.1.110	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
B.1.110	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
B.1.110	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
B.1.110	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
B.1.110	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
B.1.110	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
B.1.320	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
B.1.320	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
B.1.320	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
B.1.320	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
B.1.320	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
B.1.320	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
B.1.320	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
B.1.320	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
A.3	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
A.3	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
A.3	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-22126.5	Thailand
A.3	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
A.3	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
A.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
A.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
A.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.1.5.91	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
XBB.1.5.91	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
XBB.1.5.91	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-3370.08	Thailand
XBB.1.5.91	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
XBB.1.5.91	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.91	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-21969.5	Japan
XBB.1.5.91	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBB.1.5.91	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
GS.4.1	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
GS.4.1	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-20306.2	China
GS.4.1	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-3370.08	Thailand
GS.4.1	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
GS.4.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
GS.4.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-2721.65	Japan
GS.4.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-16167.4	Japan
GS.4.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
JN.1.1.5	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-18581.4	France
JN.1.1.5	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-3270.88	China
JN.1.1.5	N	NIH-TH_N	CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT	19	57.89	28376	28358	R	-3370.08	Thailand
JN.1.1.5	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-23131.5	Germany
JN.1.1.5	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
JN.1.1.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F509R854	CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG	19	57.89	492	510	F	-1981.59	Japan
JN.1.1.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
JN.1.1.5	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used