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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBC.1.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FY.9 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| FY.9 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.31.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| XBB.1.31.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| GK.1.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| GK.1.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.27 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| XBB.1.5.27 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.2.3.17 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| XBB.2.3.17 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FD.5 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| FD.5 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.44 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| XBB.1.44 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.26 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| XBB.1.5.26 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| GN.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| GN.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FW.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| FW.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FY.1.2.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| HC.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| HC.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| AY.93 (Delta) | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| AY.93 (Delta) | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FL.31.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| FL.31.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| GW.5.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| GW.5.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FL.38 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| FL.38 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| EG.2.4 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| EG.2.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| DN.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| DN.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| HK.3.7 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| HK.3.7 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BA.4.1.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BA.4.1.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| BW.1.1.2 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| BW.1.1.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| XBB.2.7 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| XBB.2.7 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| B.1.1.312 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| B.1.1.312 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| FL.13.4 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| FL.13.4 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| B.1.1.220 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -26482.3 | US |
| B.1.1.220 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -23857.7 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |