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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
B.1.258	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-19663.3	China
B.1.258	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.258	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
B.1.349	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.1.349	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.1.349	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.1.349	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.1.349	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.1.349	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.349	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
B.1.314	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.1.314	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.1.314	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.1.314	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.1.314	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.1.314	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.314	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
B.1.1.132	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
B.1.1.132	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
B.1.1.132	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
B.1.1.132	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
B.1.1.132	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
B.1.1.132	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
B.1.1.132	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
BA.2.38	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
BA.2.38	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
BA.2.38	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
BA.2.38	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
BA.2.38	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
BA.2.38	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
BA.2.38	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
BA.2.42	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
BA.2.42	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
BA.2.42	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
BA.2.42	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
BA.2.42	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
BA.2.42	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
BA.2.42	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
K.2	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
K.2	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
K.2	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
K.2	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-22070.7	Singapore
K.2	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
K.2	N	US-CDC-N-1	TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG	24	45.83	28358	28335	R	-25148.4	US
K.2	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-23366.4	Japan
JN.1.56	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC	24	29.17	14155	14178	F	-20695.4	Singapore
JN.1.56	ORF1ab	Young-ORF1ab	CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG	24	33.33	14243	14220	R	-22408	Singapore
JN.1.56	ORF1ab	Chan-ORF1ab	GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC	24	41.67	16353	16330	R	-13317.5	China
JN.1.56	S	Young-S	ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC	24	37.5	21876	21853	R	-17969.8	Singapore
JN.1.56	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-25022.8	China
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used