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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
HK.12	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
HK.12	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
HK.12	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
HK.12	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
HK.12	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
HK.12	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
HK.12	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
HK.33	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
HK.33	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
HK.33	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
HK.33	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
HK.33	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
HK.33	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
HK.33	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
HK.33	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
GK.5.1	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
GK.5.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
GK.5.1	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
GK.5.1	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
GK.5.1	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
GK.5.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
GK.5.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
GK.5.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XCZ	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-1313	China
XCZ	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XCZ	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XCZ	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XCZ	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XCZ	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-2242.74	Japan
XCZ	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2651.98	Japan
XCZ	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-5266.28	Japan
FL.40	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
FL.40	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
FL.40	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
FL.40	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.5.61	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.61	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.5.61	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.5.61	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.5.61	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.61	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XBB.1.5.61	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
FR.1.2	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
FR.1.2	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
FR.1.2	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-18940.1	China
FR.1.2	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
FR.1.2	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
FR.1.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
FR.1.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
FR.1.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used