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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
XBB.1.16.22	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.16.22	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.16.22	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.16.22	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XBB.1.16.22	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XBB.1.16.22	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XBB.1.5.76	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
XBB.1.5.76	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.76	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.5.76	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.5.76	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.5.76	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.76	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XBB.1.5.76	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XBB.1.5.39	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
XBB.1.5.39	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.39	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.5.39	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.5.39	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.5.39	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.39	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XBB.1.5.39	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
XBB.1.5.43	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
XBB.1.5.43	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-17655.9	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.43	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
XBB.1.5.43	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-15016.3	South Korea
XBB.1.5.43	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
XBB.1.5.43	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
XBB.1.5.43	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-20966	Japan
XBB.1.5.43	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-21400.8	Japan
KP.2.3.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
KP.2.3.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
KP.2.3.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16797.4	Japan
KP.3.2.5	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
KP.3.2.5	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
KP.3.2.5	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-18940.1	China
KP.3.2.5	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
KP.3.2.5	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
KP.3.2.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
KP.3.2.5	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
KP.3.2.5	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16797.4	Japan
LU.2	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
LU.2	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
LU.2	S	Chan-S	CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA	21	47.62	22869	22849	R	-22073.5	China
LU.2	E	Won-E	TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT	21	47.62	26259	26279	F	-18253.7	South Korea
LU.2	N	US-CDC-N-3	TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG	21	47.62	28752	28732	R	-23779.6	US
LU.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 F501R913	TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC	21	57.14	484	504	F	-24908.9	Japan
LU.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
LU.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16797.4	Japan
LF.3.1	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA	21	42.86	13342	13362	F	-20516.2	China
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used