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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
GW.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
GS.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
GS.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-16167.4	Japan
GS.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XCF.3	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XCF.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XCF.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
FL.34	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
FL.34	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
FL.34	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
HY.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
HY.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
HY.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
JC.5	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
JC.5	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
JC.5	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.1.5.105	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.105	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBB.1.5.105	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.1.9.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBB.1.9.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBB.1.9.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
GJ.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
GJ.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
GJ.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
GK.1.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
GK.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
GK.1.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
FY.4.2	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
FY.4.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
FY.4.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.1.5.103	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.103	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBB.1.5.103	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
HC.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
HC.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
HC.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
FE.1.1.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
FE.1.1.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
FE.1.1.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.1.5.94	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBB.1.5.94	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBB.1.5.94	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
GK.7	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
GK.7	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
GK.7	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
FL.15.3	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
FL.15.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
FL.15.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
GJ.5.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used