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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG.7 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.5 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| BN.1.3.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.5 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| XCF.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| XCF.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| XCF.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| XCC | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| XCC | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| XCC | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| FK.1.5 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| FK.1.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| FK.1.5 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| FL.21.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| FL.21.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| FL.21.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| FP.2.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| FP.2.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| FP.2.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.92 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.5.92 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.92 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.42 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -19644.4 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.5.42 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.42 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| FL.35.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| FL.35.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| FL.35.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| KP.2.3.3 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| KP.2.3.3 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| KP.3.2.5 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| KP.3.2.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| KP.3.2.5 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| LU.2 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| LU.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| LU.2 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| LF.3.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| LF.3.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| LF.3.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| LB.1.7 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| LB.1.7 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| LB.1.7 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| JN.1.16.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| JN.1.16.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| JN.1.16.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| LW.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| LW.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| LW.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG | 19 | 52.63 | 24848 | 24830 | R | -20677.6 | Japan |
| LP.1 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -20936.4 | Hong Kong |
| LP.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -20165.2 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |