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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
BA.2.71	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.2.71	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.2.71	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBC.1.2.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBC.1.2.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBC.1.2.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
CP.6	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
CP.6	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
CP.6	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BA.5.3	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.5.3	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.5.3	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
DN.1.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
DN.1.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
DN.1.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
CL.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
CL.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
CL.1	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
XBB.3.2	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
XBB.3.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
XBB.3.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BN.1.2.4	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BN.1.2.4	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BN.1.2.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
CH.1.1.25	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
CH.1.1.25	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
CH.1.1.25	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
DB.2	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
DB.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
DB.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
CH.1.1.16	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
CH.1.1.16	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
CH.1.1.16	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
CZ.2	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
CZ.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
CZ.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BA.5.1.18	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.5.1.18	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.5.1.18	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BQ.1.1.29	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BQ.1.1.29	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BQ.1.1.29	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BA.4.1.2	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.4.1.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.4.1.2	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
BA.2.47	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
BA.2.47	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
BA.2.47	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	CAAAGACACCTTCACGAGG	19	52.63	24848	24830	R	-20677.6	Japan
FK.1.2.1	N	HKU-N	CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG	19	52.63	29254	29236	R	-20936.4	Hong Kong
FK.1.2.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-20165.2	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used