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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GS.5 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| GS.5 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -19261.4 | South Korea |
| GS.5 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| GS.5 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -22388.1 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.13.1 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -19758.2 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.13.1 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| XBB.1.13.1 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -22142.8 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.13.1 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.13.1 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -9921.83 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.13.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| XBB.1.13.1 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -21208.1 | South Korea |
| GJ.6 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -19758.2 | South Korea |
| GJ.6 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| GJ.6 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -17500.9 | South Korea |
| GJ.6 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| GJ.6 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -19261.4 | South Korea |
| GJ.6 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| GJ.6 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -22388.1 | South Korea |
| XY | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -2052.38 | South Korea |
| XY | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| XY | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -22142.8 | South Korea |
| XY | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| XY | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -19261.4 | South Korea |
| XY | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| XY | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -22388.1 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.9 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -19758.2 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.9 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| CH.1.1.9 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -22142.8 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.9 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.9 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -19261.4 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.9 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| CH.1.1.9 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -22388.1 | South Korea |
| EG.5.2.4 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -19758.2 | South Korea |
| EG.5.2.4 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| EG.5.2.4 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -22142.8 | South Korea |
| EG.5.2.4 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| EG.5.2.4 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -19261.4 | South Korea |
| EG.5.2.4 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| EG.5.2.4 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -22388.1 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.45 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -22753.7 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.45 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| BA.5.2.45 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -22142.8 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.45 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.45 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -19261.4 | South Korea |
| BA.5.2.45 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -17926.1 | China |
| BA.5.2.45 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -22388.1 | South Korea |
| GP.3 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -19758.2 | South Korea |
| GP.3 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| GP.3 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -22142.8 | South Korea |
| GP.3 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -21965.9 | South Korea |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |