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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBB.1.5.77 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| FD.4.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| FD.4.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| FD.4.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5.51 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.51 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.5.51 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.16.8 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.16.8 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.16.8 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5.52 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.52 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.5.52 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| CH.1.1.27 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| CH.1.1.27 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.27 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5.65 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.65 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.5.65 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5.75 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.75 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.5.75 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5.21 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.21 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.5.21 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.18.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.18.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.18.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BQ.1.24 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BQ.1.24 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BQ.1.24 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| GL.3 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| GL.3 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -22650 | South Korea |
| GL.3 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BQ.1.1.24 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BQ.1.1.24 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BQ.1.1.24 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.5.78 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.5.78 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.5.78 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| EG.1.3 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| EG.1.3 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| EG.1.3 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| BQ.1.1.45 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| BQ.1.1.45 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -18253.7 | South Korea |
| BQ.1.1.45 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.16.20 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| XBB.1.16.20 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.16.20 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -23779.6 | US |
| XBB.1.34.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -22073.5 | China |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |