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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA.2.25.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| BA.2.25.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| XAD | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| XAD | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XAD | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XAD | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| XAB | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| XAB | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XAB | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XAB | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| CH.1.1.4 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| CH.1.1.4 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| CH.1.1.4 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| CH.1.1.4 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| FT.4 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| FT.4 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| FT.4 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| FT.4 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| XAL | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| XAL | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XAL | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XAL | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| XBW | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| XBW | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XBW | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XBW | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| BA.2.3.7 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| BA.2.3.7 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| BA.2.3.7 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| BA.2.3.7 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| XAY.1.1.3 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| XAY.1.1.3 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XAY.1.1.3 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XAY.1.1.3 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| BA.2.19 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| BA.2.19 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| BA.2.19 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| BA.2.19 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| GY.2 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| GY.2 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| GY.2 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| GY.2 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| XBF.10 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -15397.9 | France |
| XBF.10 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XBF.10 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XBF.10 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| GA.8 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| GA.8 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -2013.34 | China |
| GA.8 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| GA.8 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |