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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XDY | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| XDY | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| XDY | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| XDY | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| JN.1.18.4 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| JN.1.18.4 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| JN.1.18.4 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| JN.1.18.4 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| KP.4.1.3 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| KP.4.1.3 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| KP.4.1.3 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| KP.4.1.3 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| KS.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| KS.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| KS.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| KS.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| MM.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| MM.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| MM.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| MM.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| JN.1.48.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| JN.1.48.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| JN.1.48.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| JN.1.48.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| KP.4.2.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| KP.4.2.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| KP.4.2.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| KP.4.2.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| KP.3.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| KP.3.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| KP.3.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| KP.3.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| MC.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| MC.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| MC.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| MC.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| LB.1.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| LB.1.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| LB.1.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| LB.1.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| LP.1.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| LP.1.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| LP.1.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| LP.1.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| JN.1.50.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| JN.1.50.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| JN.1.50.1 | E | Niu-E | CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC | 20 | 40 | 26391 | 26372 | R | -20723.8 | China |
| JN.1.50.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -21115.5 | US |
| MH.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG | 20 | 40 | 14186 | 14167 | R | -18348.8 | France |
| MH.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -19913.4 | China |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |