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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1.1.187 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| AZ.3 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| AZ.2 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| AZ.5 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| XBB.3 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| BF.29 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| B.1.1.282 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.21 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| GW.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| BA.5.1.7 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| AZ.2.1 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| B.1.1.318 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| XBB.2.9 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| P.6 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -16614.7 | Japan |
| JN.1.63 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -16615.8 | Germany |
| BQ.1 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT | 20 | 45 | 28287 | 28306 | F | -16625.5 | US |
| XBB.1.45 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -16655.8 | China |
| GP.2 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA | 19 | 47.37 | 13460 | 13442 | R | -16655.8 | China |
| AY.37 (Delta) | N | Young-N | AGCACCATAGGGAAGTCC | 18 | 55.56 | 28648 | 28631 | R | -16669.2 | Singapore |
| JD.1.2 | N | Young-N | AGCACCATAGGGAAGTCC | 18 | 55.56 | 28648 | 28631 | R | -16669.2 | Singapore |
| BN.1.4.4 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -16669.7 | China |
| N.5 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.10 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.7 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| BY.1.1.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.1.393 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.6 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.2 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.4 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.1.33 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.3 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| N.9 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -16670.3 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.422 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -16705.6 | Thailand |
| B.1.366 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -16705.6 | Thailand |
| B.1.487 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -16705.6 | Thailand |
| BA.2.29 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -16716.8 | China |
| B.1.544 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -16716.8 | China |
| AH.3 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -16718.3 | China |
| EA.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| JN.3.2.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| JN.3.2 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| B.1.617 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| BF.7.3 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| BN.6 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| JC.5 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| CH.1.1.32 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| JC.5.1 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -16719.1 | US |
| CJ.1.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -16721.6 | Japan |
| BQ.1.1.19 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -16721.6 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |