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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AY.112.3 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | CTCCCTTTGTTGTGTTGT | 18 | 44.44 | 12797 | 12780 | R | -14610.8 | France |
| B.12 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| HK.21 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| BA.2.16 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.160.13 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.28.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.432 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -14642.7 | Germany |
| BA.5.5.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -14642.7 | Germany |
| BA.2.24 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -14660.3 | Japan |
| B.1.1.239 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14673.5 | Hong Kong |
| BA.1.1.16 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -14678.7 | South Korea |
| B.19 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -14696.5 | South Korea |
| B.1.160.26 | N | Young-N | CTCAGTCCAAGATGGTATTTCT | 22 | 40.91 | 28583 | 28604 | F | -14714.9 | Singapore |
| JD.1.1.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -14744.4 | Japan |
| LB.1.7.3 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -14793.9 | South Korea |
| XEB | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -14812.6 | US |
| GA.7.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -14828.2 | China |
| B.1.579 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -14844.2 | China |
| AY.121 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -14852.6 | Germany |
| FU.3 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -14857.5 | South Korea |
| B.1.258.17 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -14905.9 | Japan |
| B.1.428.2 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -14910.4 | South Korea |
| BA.2.72 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14925.6 | France |
| B.19 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -14962.8 | China |
| BN.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14964.9 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.14.1 | N | Young-N | AGCACCATAGGGAAGTCC | 18 | 55.56 | 28648 | 28631 | R | -14980.9 | Singapore |
| B.1.177.6 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14988 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.1.193 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -15010.1 | Japan |
| GA.9 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| GC.2 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.21 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BL.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| FP.3 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.45 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BA.2.75.10 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BN.1.3.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BL.1.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BN.1.5.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| EG.1.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BL.1.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBF.1.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BM.4.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| BN.1.2.8 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| EP.2 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBF.8.1 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| CH.1.1.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| FT.4 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| GY.2 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBF.10 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.38 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -15016.3 | South Korea |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |