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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.3 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.373 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.177.80 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.433 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| C.36.2 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| AN.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.177.28 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.221.3 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.242 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.160.9 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.449 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.152 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.146 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| D.5 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.81 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.258.24 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.160.11 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| AY.21 (Delta) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.338 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BG.6 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| AY.20.1 (Delta) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| XV | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BF.38.2 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BA.4.1.7 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BA.2.80 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| AY.134 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| CZ.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BY.1.2.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BM.1.1.2 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BM.2.3 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| CW.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| BA.5.2.42 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| XAY.3 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| CH.3.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| XBB.1.46 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| XBC.1.1.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.258.14 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| FL.17.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.177.23 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.562 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.219 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| N.8 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| XA | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| AZ.4 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.114 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.177.39 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.199 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.112 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.1.1.133 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| B.18 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -23540.5 | China |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |