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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XBB.1.16.11 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -12926.6 | China |
| XBB.1.16.11 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -12970.4 | South Korea |
| HW.1.1 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -12971.4 | China |
| EG.2.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -12991.9 | Hong Kong |
| AY.90 (Delta) | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -12995.1 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.2.6.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -13008.1 | Japan |
| B.46 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -13011.1 | South Korea |
| JN.1.4.7 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -13045.7 | Japan |
| GA.7.2 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -13080 | China |
| B.1.1.524 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -13100.3 | Japan |
| JN.1.8.4 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13103.9 | Singapore |
| B.1.1.360 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -13169.3 | Japan |
| B.1.1.270 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -13190.5 | Japan |
| XDD.1.1.1 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13206.2 | Singapore |
| B.1.36.36 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT | 20 | 45 | 28287 | 28306 | F | -13207.1 | US |
| BA.5.1.22 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -13232.6 | Japan |
| BF.7.4.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -13240.9 | China |
| AY.39.3 (Delta) | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -13245.6 | Singapore |
| B.11 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -13248.6 | Japan |
| XBB.2.2 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -13259.5 | Hong Kong |
| BQ.1.1.47 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| GA.4.1.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| GA.4.1.3 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| GA.4.1.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| GA.4.1 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| HK.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| JN.1.4.4 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| CP.7 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -13261.5 | China |
| AY.84 (Delta) | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -13266.9 | Singapore |
| AY.122.1 (Delta) | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -13266.9 | Singapore |
| AY.82 (Delta) | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -13266.9 | Singapore |
| B.1.1.74 | ORF1ab | CN-CDC-ORF1ab | CCCTGTGGGTTTTACACTTAA | 21 | 42.86 | 13342 | 13362 | F | -13296.4 | China |
| DM.1 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -13300.7 | Hong Kong |
| FY.5.5 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -13300.7 | Hong Kong |
| BQ.1.1.15 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -13300.7 | Hong Kong |
| JN.1.56 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| JN.1.41 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BA.4.4 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| JN.1.48.2 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BQ.1.8 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BU.1 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| EW.3 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BQ.1.1.18 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BQ.1.1.4 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BE.13 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BW.1.1 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| FB.2 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BQ.1.23 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BF.11 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| BQ.1.12 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -13305.5 | Singapore |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |