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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BN.1.1.1 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG | 24 | 45.83 | 28358 | 28335 | R | -20385.1 | US |
| JN.1.42.2 | N | Corman-N | GAGGAACGAGAAGAGGCTTG | 20 | 55 | 28833 | 28814 | R | -20387.2 | Germany |
| KP.4.2.2 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -20389.3 | US |
| BN.3.1 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20394.2 | Germany |
| AY.4.16 (Delta) | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20394.2 | Germany |
| AY.4.16 (Delta) | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20407.1 | China |
| BN.3.1 | E | Huang-E | GCAGCAGTACGCACACAATC | 20 | 55 | 26376 | 26357 | R | -20407.1 | China |
| XBB.1.5.39 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -20413.7 | South Korea |
| MK.2 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| JC.1 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| HN.8 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| BA.5.3.1 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| BA.2.77 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| B.1.525 (Eta) | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| B.1.1.101 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| A.12 | E | Huang-E | ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT | 24 | 37.5 | 26295 | 26318 | F | -20419.5 | China |
| B.45 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -20425.8 | Germany |
| B.1.528 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -20434.3 | US |
| BA.2.10 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -20435.8 | Japan |
| BQ.1.1.27 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -20435.8 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.53 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -20435.8 | Japan |
| CL.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -20435.8 | Japan |
| HK.16 | N | Chan-N | GCGTTCTTCGGAATGTCG | 18 | 55.56 | 29210 | 29227 | F | -20449.7 | China |
| BA.5.2.25 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -20458.7 | South Korea |
| CH.3.1 | N | SC2 | CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC | 23 | 43.48 | 29463 | 29485 | F | -20469.9 | US |
| B.1.489 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| B.1.44 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| B.1.607 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| P.1 (Gamma) | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| BA.2.13 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| B.1.639 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| B.1.372 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| B.1.177.62 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -20475.1 | Japan |
| BA.2.75.9 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| XBH | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BL.1.2 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BQ.1.1.78 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| B.1.9.4 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BQ.1.1.64 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| XBC.1.2 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| B.1.221.2 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| DP.1 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BL.1.5 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BN.2 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| B.1.177.62 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BA.2.82 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| XBB.1.20 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BA.2.3.22 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BA.2.38.2 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| BA.2.79.1 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -20489.8 | Japan |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |