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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.1.177.35 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| B.55 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| GA.7.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| A.23 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| B.1.596.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| B.1.267 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BN.1.5.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BA.2.23 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.9 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BA.5.5.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.12 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BA.2.9 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BQ.1.26 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| ER.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| EG.1.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| BA.2.53 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| EK.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | CTTTACCAGCACGTGCTAGAAGG | 23 | 52.17 | 896 | 874 | R | -6316.86 | Japan |
| AY.105 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BA.2.36 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BN.1.5 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BA.2 (Omicron) | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BN.1.3.12 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| CH.1.1.13 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| CH.1.1.15 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BN.1.3.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| DV.3 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BN.1.3 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| CH.1.1.2 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| CH.1.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BA.2.18 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BA.2.12.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| B.1.177.49 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| B.1.1.74 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -6360.38 | France |
| BA.2.58 | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -6402.07 | Singapore |
| BA.2.58 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -6408.46 | China |
| DV.7.2 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -6408.76 | China |
| B.1.1.74 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -6431.9 | South Korea |
| GK.1.11.1 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -6459.16 | US |
| AY.29.2 (Delta) | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -6647.19 | China |
| AY.29.2 (Delta) | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| N.8 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| B.50 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| B.1.165 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| P.1.9 (Gamma) | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| B.19 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| AY.79 (Delta) | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| B.1.160.27 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| B.1.177.68 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| JN.1.2 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -6672.85 | US |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |