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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FL.32.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| HS.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| KP.4.2.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| HK.1.2 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| EG.5.1.11 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| EG.5.1.12 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| HF.1.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| HK.22 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| CM.8.1.2 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| JN.1.48.2 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| LF.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| EG.5.1.16 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| JN.1.16.3 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| KB.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| JN.1.42 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| KR.4 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| MB.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| JD.1.1.5 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| LE.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| FL.15.1.1 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| JN.1.18.7 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| XBB.1.16.11 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| HV.1.6 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| BA.2.7 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| N.9 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| P.2 (Zeta) | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| BA.1.21 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| BN.1.3.6 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| XBB.1.5.25 | S | Chan-S | CCTACTAAATTAAATGATCTCTGCTTTACT | 30 | 30 | 22712 | 22741 | F | -613.77 | China |
| CM.4 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BF.25 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BF.7.4.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BQ.1.1.43 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BM.1.1.3 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BF.28 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| BG.5 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -630.996 | US |
| AE.8 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| B.1.1.516 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| B.1.1.526 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| B.1.1.515 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| B.1.287 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| FN.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| BA.4.6.5 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| BF.7.6 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| BA.5.2.3 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| BQ.1.1.8 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| BQ.1.1.66 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| BA.4.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -643.025 | Germany |
| CM.4 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -675.04 | Hong Kong |
| FL.20 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT | 20 | 45 | 28287 | 28306 | F | -713.74 | US |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |