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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AY.122.6 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| B.1.621.2 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| AY.39.2 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| AY.125 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| AY.103.1 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| AY.92 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| AY.122.4 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| AY.101 (Delta) | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.57 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.49 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.9.6 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.13 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.69 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| XBF.3 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.44 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.37 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.54 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.52 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BL.3 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BA.2.48 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| BL.5 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19121.1 | Singapore |
| B.1.640 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -19128 | Thailand |
| B.1.640.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -19128 | Thailand |
| B.1.640.2 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -19128 | Thailand |
| JN.5 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19133.4 | Japan |
| CV.2 | N | HKU-N | CGAAGGTGTGACTTCCATG | 19 | 52.63 | 29254 | 29236 | R | -19157.9 | Hong Kong |
| BT.2 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT | 20 | 45 | 28287 | 28306 | F | -19162.8 | US |
| B.1.631 | N | Corman-N | GAGGAACGAGAAGAGGCTTG | 20 | 55 | 28833 | 28814 | R | -19173.1 | Germany |
| XCR | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -19174.1 | Japan |
| FG.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| XBB.1.16.11 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| B.1.131 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| B.1.601 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| A.11 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.8 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| AY.42.1 (Delta) | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| B.1.595.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| B.1.1.345 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| AT.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| AY.133 (Delta) | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT | 24 | 33.33 | 24354 | 24377 | F | -19188.3 | Japan |
| FU.1.1.1 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -19189.2 | Singapore |
| B.28 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.612 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.361 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.582 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.580 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.568 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| B.1.581 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -19194.1 | South Korea |
| JN.1.28.1 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -19194.8 | Germany |
| JN.1.4.8 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | CACTTAATGTAAGGCTTTGTTAAG | 24 | 33.33 | 14243 | 14220 | R | -19200.7 | Singapore |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |