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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XAE | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -18863.5 | Singapore |
| B.1.578 | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -18863.5 | Singapore |
| B.1.1.7 (Alpha) | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -18863.5 | Singapore |
| AY.121 (Delta) | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -18863.5 | Singapore |
| B.1.1.291 | S | Young-S | ATCCAGCCTCTTATTATGTTAGAC | 24 | 37.5 | 21876 | 21853 | R | -18863.5 | Singapore |
| KP.3.5 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18866.3 | China |
| BF.5.5 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18866.3 | China |
| BA.5.2.38 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18866.3 | China |
| XBB.2.3.22 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18866.3 | China |
| BS.1.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18866.3 | China |
| BF.7.13.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18866.3 | China |
| GA.4.1.2 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -18886 | US |
| B.1.1.193 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -18886 | US |
| B.1.146 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -18886 | US |
| BF.38.3 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -18896.7 | US |
| DV.2 | N | US-CDC-N-3 | TGTAGCACGATTGCAGCATTG | 21 | 47.62 | 28752 | 28732 | R | -18896.7 | US |
| FL.13.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -18904.2 | Japan |
| B.1.160.27 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -18904.2 | Japan |
| KF.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F501R913 | TTCGGATGCTCGAACTGCACC | 21 | 57.14 | 484 | 504 | F | -18909 | Japan |
| B.1.502 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -18909.9 | South Korea |
| AY.91.1 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -18926.3 | China |
| AY.91 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -18926.3 | China |
| XBF.10 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC | 24 | 29.17 | 14155 | 14178 | F | -18933.6 | Singapore |
| BA.2.75.7 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC | 24 | 29.17 | 14155 | 14178 | F | -18933.6 | Singapore |
| AM.2 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC | 24 | 29.17 | 14155 | 14178 | F | -18933.6 | Singapore |
| AM.3 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC | 24 | 29.17 | 14155 | 14178 | F | -18933.6 | Singapore |
| XBB.1.5.36 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC | 24 | 29.17 | 14155 | 14178 | F | -18933.6 | Singapore |
| BA.2.81 | ORF1ab | Young-ORF1ab | TCATTGTTAATGCCTATATTAACC | 24 | 29.17 | 14155 | 14178 | F | -18933.6 | Singapore |
| AY.4.12 (Delta) | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| BA.2.86 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| XBZ | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.1.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.3.2.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.3.2.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.3.2.5 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| LW.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.3.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.3.2.3 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| XDY | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| FR.1.2 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| V.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| B.1.241 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| B.1.1.328 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| B.1.1.144 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| FL.30.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| BN.1.7 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| KP.3.2.4 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -18940.1 | China |
| BQ.1.3.1 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -18941.3 | South Korea |
| CJ.1.1 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -18941.3 | South Korea |
| XBF.6 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -18941.3 | South Korea |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |