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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
AY.4.10 (Delta)	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
EC.1	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.560	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.177.26	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
FM.1	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.1.424	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.1.112	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.1.197	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.491	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
XCJ	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.165	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.537	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.550	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
CM.8.1.5	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
B.1.177.35	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-2539.84	China
XBB.1.16.7	N	Corman-N	CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC	19	57.89	28706	28724	F	-2529.93	Germany
BQ.1.1.67	ORF1ab	CN-CDC-ORF1ab	ACGATTGTGCATCAGCTGA	19	47.37	13460	13442	R	-2528.49	China
B.1.177.35	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
B.1.494	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.2.36	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BN.1.5	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BQ.1.1.8	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.2 (Omicron)	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
CH.1.1.6	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.2.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.5.1.5	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
CH.1.1.15	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.5.2.20	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BN.1.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.5.1.22	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.2.75	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BF.5	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
CH.1.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BF.7.6	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.4 (Omicron)	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.4.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
BA.5.2.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
B.1.36.22	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-2518.95	Hong Kong
JN.1.4.6	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
FD.1.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
FT.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
JN.1.55	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
HK.3.9	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
DV.7.1.4	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
XCL	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
JR.1.1.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
HK.8	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
XDE	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
KH.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
JN.1.30	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-2512.5	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used