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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA.5.2.44 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| BN.1.3.9 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| BA.2.9 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| BM.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| BN.1.3.1 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| XBB.2.3.16 | N | SC2 | CCTTGTGTGGTCTGCATGAGTTTAG | 25 | 48 | 29554 | 29530 | R | -4388.79 | US |
| B.1.177.26 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| AY.4.10 (Delta) | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| C.38 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| Q.6 (Alpha) | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| BA.2.36 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.1.1.371 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| AY.121.1 (Delta) | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| AY.134 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| N.8 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.1.1.424 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.1.444 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.1.160.27 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.1.177.68 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| AY.79 (Delta) | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.46 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| P.7 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| XBB.1.9 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| XBB.1.16.7 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -4360.53 | China |
| B.1.277 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -4348.25 | US |
| B.1.160.26 | N | US-CDC-N-2 | TTACAAACATTGGCCGCAAA | 20 | 40 | 29164 | 29183 | F | -4348.25 | US |
| JN.1.49 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -4325.47 | Germany |
| BA.2.58 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG | 18 | 44.44 | 12690 | 12707 | F | -4314.89 | France |
| BA.2.75.10 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| FL.39.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| B.1.277 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| B.1.1.412 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| DV.7.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| XBB.1.5.68 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| B.1.235 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| BN.1.3.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| KT.1.2 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| JN.1.30.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| BN.1.3 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| BA.2.75 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| CH.1.1 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| unclassifiable | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| XBB.1.9 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| BA.2.33 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| B.1.160.33 | S | WuhanCoV-spk1 | TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG | 25 | 32 | 24900 | 24876 | R | -4306.5 | Japan |
| GK.1.11.1 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -4273.88 | South Korea |
| HC.2 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -4273.88 | South Korea |
| XBB.1.16.7 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -4273.88 | South Korea |
| MK.2 | N | Won-N | CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC | 20 | 50 | 28732 | 28751 | F | -4273.88 | South Korea |
| DY.3 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -4270.22 | Thailand |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |