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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BU.2 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -10094.6 | China |
| BU.3 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -10094.6 | China |
| BN.1.2.7 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -10094.6 | China |
| AZ.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -10047.2 | China |
| AY.91 (Delta) | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -9996.28 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.177.41 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -9978.65 | China |
| B.1.521 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -9978.65 | China |
| B.1.36.20 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -9975.64 | China |
| BA.5.1.22 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -9945.44 | Japan |
| XBB.1.13.1 | E | Won-E | CACACAATCGATGCGCAGTA | 20 | 50 | 26365 | 26346 | R | -9921.83 | South Korea |
| BF.1.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -9878.22 | China |
| B.19 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -9875.64 | Japan |
| BA.2.33 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC | 19 | 52.63 | 823 | 805 | R | -9875.64 | Japan |
| BA.2.75.6 | E | Won-E | TTCGGAAGAGACAGGTACGTT | 21 | 47.62 | 26259 | 26279 | F | -9785.9 | South Korea |
| B.1.415.1 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -9768.67 | China |
| B.1.160.26 | N | Chan-N | TTGGATCTTTGTCATCCAATTTG | 23 | 34.78 | 29306 | 29284 | R | -9755.53 | China |
| GJ.1.2.1 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -9740.67 | China |
| HK.24.1 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -9738.37 | South Korea |
| XDD | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -9670 | China |
| B.1.258.24 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -9670 | China |
| BA.5.2.26 | N | NIID-JP-N | AAATTTTGGGGACCAGGAAC | 20 | 45 | 29125 | 29144 | F | -9655.77 | Japan |
| B.1.468 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -9558.91 | Thailand |
| B.1.131 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -9503.91 | Singapore |
| B.19 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -9349.28 | France |
| B.1.1.411 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -9311.52 | China |
| B.1.1.161 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT | 20 | 45 | 1866 | 1885 | F | -9311.52 | China |
| FH.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -9311.14 | Thailand |
| MN.1 | S | Chan-S | CAAGCTATAACGCAGCCTGTA | 21 | 47.62 | 22869 | 22849 | R | -9258.22 | China |
| JN.1.58.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.8.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| KP.1.1.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.4.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| XDN | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.8.4 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.54.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.7 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.30.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| KP.1.1.4 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| MN.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.63 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| LE.1.3 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| LH.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| HW.1.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.55.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| JN.1.18.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| XDK.4.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| KP.3.4.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| KP.2.11 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| LS.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| BA.1.1 (Omicron) | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -9191.15 | Germany |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |