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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KC.1 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| HK.3.10 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| FY.5.5.1 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11502.5 | China |
| JC.2 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -11458.2 | China |
| B.1.1.74 | ORF1ab | Yip-ORF1ab | TTGTTATAGCGGCCTTCTGT | 20 | 45 | 1970 | 1951 | R | -11458.2 | China |
| XBB.2.7.1 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | GACCCCAAAATCAGCGAAAT | 20 | 45 | 28287 | 28306 | F | -11450.7 | US |
| BA.4.6.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -11447 | Japan |
| B.1.564.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -11447 | Japan |
| A.28 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11413.6 | China |
| GK.2.3 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11413.6 | China |
| BQ.1.4 | S | Won-S | CTACATGCACCAGCAACTGT | 20 | 50 | 23114 | 23133 | F | -11408.3 | South Korea |
| FL.39 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -11405.7 | Thailand |
| CR.2 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -11405.7 | Thailand |
| BN.1.3.5 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -11395.4 | Japan |
| KF.2 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -11379.2 | Japan |
| B.1.625 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CTCGAACTGCACCTCATGG | 19 | 57.89 | 492 | 510 | F | -11359.1 | Japan |
| BQ.1.3 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC | 23 | 34.78 | 24856 | 24834 | R | -11333.2 | Japan |
| B.19 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -11307.3 | China |
| B.19 | E | Charité-E | ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA | 22 | 45.45 | 26381 | 26360 | R | -11298.7 | Germany |
| BA.2.33 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -11294.7 | Japan |
| B.1.633 | S | NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865 | AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG | 21 | 42.86 | 24366 | 24386 | F | -11231 | Japan |
| BA.1.1.16 | N | Corman-N | GAGGAACGAGAAGAGGCTTG | 20 | 55 | 28833 | 28814 | R | -11224.7 | Germany |
| AY.5.4 (Delta) | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -11215.5 | China |
| B.50 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -11176.7 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.428.2 | N | CN-CDC-N | CAGACATTTTGCTCTCAAGCTG | 22 | 45.45 | 28979 | 28958 | R | -11160.6 | China |
| B.1.1.291 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11076.1 | China |
| BA.4.1.8 | N | Corman-N | CACATTGGCACCCGCAATC | 19 | 57.89 | 28706 | 28724 | F | -11063.7 | Germany |
| BY.1.2.1 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | CGCATACAGTCTTRCAGGCT | 20 | 50 | 16220 | 16239 | F | -11062.8 | China |
| B.1.1.426 | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -11023.2 | China |
| AY.62 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Chan-ORF1ab | GTGTGATGTTGAWATGACATGGTC | 24 | 41.67 | 16353 | 16330 | R | -11023.2 | China |
| BA.1.23 | E | Charité-E | ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT | 26 | 34.62 | 26269 | 26294 | F | -10929.3 | Germany |
| BF.7.4.1 | N | NIH-TH_N | CCCCACTGCGTTCTCCATT | 19 | 57.89 | 28376 | 28358 | R | -10921.5 | Thailand |
| B.1.36.36 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 F509R854 | CAGAAGTTGTTATCGACATAGC | 22 | 40.91 | 837 | 816 | R | -10849.5 | Japan |
| BF.25 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.5.9 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BF.7.4.3 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| ED.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.5.2.19 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.2.3.18 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| XAT | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.2.65 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.5.1.3 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BG.5 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BF.8 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.2.74 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.5.2.28 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.5.2.62 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BA.2.13.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| BE.1.1.1 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| XAZ | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA | 26 | 23.08 | 15530 | 15505 | R | -10838.6 | Germany |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |