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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
XBB.1.5.47	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
JD.2	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
JD.1.2	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
XBB.1.5.102	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
JD.1.1.6	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
JD.1.1.2	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
JD.1.1.4	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG	19	42.11	14080	14098	F	-14403.2	France
B.1.437	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-1	ATGAGCTTAGTCCTGTTG	18	44.44	12690	12707	F	-14389.2	France
AV.1	N	Won-N	CAATGCTGCAATCGTGCTAC	20	50	28732	28751	F	-14372.8	South Korea
AY.56 (Delta)	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BQ.1.1.47	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BF.40	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BQ.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BQ.1.2.2	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
B.1.1.298	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
JH.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BE.13	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BQ.1.1.59	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
BA.5.3.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14339.8	Japan
GS.4.1.1	S	Young-S	TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA	20	45	21763	21782	F	-14335.1	Singapore
GK.2.4	S	Young-S	TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA	20	45	21763	21782	F	-14335.1	Singapore
BA.5.2.14	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-14277.3	China
B.1.1.440	ORF1ab	Yip-ORF1ab	ATGCATTTGCATCAGAGGCT	20	45	1866	1885	F	-14277.3	China
B.1.1.270	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TTGGCAAAATTCAAGACTCACTTT	24	33.33	24354	24377	F	-14246.8	Japan
CM.12	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG	20	45	502	521	F	-14242.8	Japan
JN.1.1.8	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.51.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
XDD.1.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
LC.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
LF.4	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.1.5	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.55.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
LQ.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.62	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
MD.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.55	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.20	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
XDK	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.54	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
XDK.6	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
LL.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.57	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.28.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.7.1	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.4.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.65	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.39.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.4.4	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
JN.1.7.6	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
XDK.3	ORF1ab	HKU-ORF1b	AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC	21	42.86	18909	18889	R	-14207.5	Hong Kong
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used