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| Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants. |
| Lineage (WHO label)   | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B.19 | ORF1ab | Won-ORF1ab | CATGTGTGGCGGTTCACTAT | 20 | 50 | 15441 | 15460 | F | -14696.5 | South Korea |
| BA.1.1.16 | N | Won-N | GTTGCGACTACGTGATGAGG | 20 | 55 | 28849 | 28830 | R | -14678.7 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.239 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14673.5 | Hong Kong |
| BA.2.24 | S | NIID WH-1 F24381R24873 | TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC | 21 | 42.86 | 24364 | 24384 | F | -14660.3 | Japan |
| B.1.432 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -14642.7 | Germany |
| BA.5.5.2 | ORF1ab | Charité-ORF1b | GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG | 22 | 54.55 | 15431 | 15452 | F | -14642.7 | Germany |
| HK.21 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| BA.2.16 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.160.13 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| B.12 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.28.1 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14622 | Hong Kong |
| AY.112.3 (Delta) | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-1 | CTCCCTTTGTTGTGTTGT | 18 | 44.44 | 12797 | 12780 | R | -14610.8 | France |
| EG.5.1 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -14595.2 | Japan |
| BA.5.2.49 | ORF1ab | NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840 | ACCTCATGGTCATGTTATGG | 20 | 45 | 502 | 521 | F | -14595.2 | Japan |
| B.1.258.17 | N | US-CDC-N-1 | TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG | 24 | 45.83 | 28358 | 28335 | R | -14584.6 | US |
| BA.2.76 | N | HKU-N | TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA | 22 | 31.82 | 29145 | 29166 | F | -14576.8 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.77 | N | NIID-JP-N | TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC | 20 | 55 | 29282 | 29263 | R | -14566 | Japan |
| A.29 | N | NIH-TH_N | CGTTTGGTGGACCCTCAGAT | 20 | 55 | 28320 | 28339 | F | -14560.2 | Thailand |
| B.1.357 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14553.9 | China |
| L.2 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14553.9 | China |
| BQ.1.6 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14553.9 | China |
| EG.1.1 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14553.9 | China |
| LB.1.5 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14553.9 | China |
| B.1.258 | E | Niu-E | TTCTTGCTTTCGTGGTATTC | 20 | 40 | 26303 | 26322 | F | -14553.9 | China |
| B.1.1.437 | N | CN-CDC-N | GGGGAACTTCTCCTGCTAGAAT | 22 | 50 | 28881 | 28902 | F | -14547 | China |
| B.1.1.391 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -14522.5 | Hong Kong |
| B.1.151 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -14522.5 | Hong Kong |
| LF.3.1.1 | ORF1ab | HKU-ORF1b | AACRCGCTTAACAAAGCACTC | 21 | 42.86 | 18909 | 18889 | R | -14518.2 | Hong Kong |
| XBB.1.41.2 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14517.8 | Singapore |
| B.1.177.17 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14517.8 | Singapore |
| B.1.1.163 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14517.8 | Singapore |
| B.1.287 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14517.8 | Singapore |
| B.1.1.428 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14517.8 | Singapore |
| B.1.36.20 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14517.8 | Singapore |
| AY.4.13 (Delta) | N | US-CDC-N-1 | TCTGGTTACTGCCAGTTGAATCTG | 24 | 45.83 | 28358 | 28335 | R | -14490.6 | US |
| B.1.173 | S | Won-S | CACCTGTGCCTGTTAAACCA | 20 | 50 | 23213 | 23194 | R | -14485.7 | South Korea |
| B.1.1.16 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14479.3 | Singapore |
| B.1.596.1 | S | Young-S | TATACATGTCTCTGGGACCA | 20 | 45 | 21763 | 21782 | F | -14479.3 | Singapore |
| JD.2.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.1.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.1.5 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.1.8 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.2.2 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.1.3 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.1.7 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| KK.2 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| KK.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| JD.1.2.1 | ORF1ab | Pasteur-ORF1ab-2 | GGTAACTGGTATGATTTCG | 19 | 42.11 | 14080 | 14098 | F | -14403.2 | France |
| Lineage (WHO label) | Target Gene | Primer Name | Primer Sequence | Primer Length | Primer GC Content (%) | Start Position | End Position | Primer Direction | ΔG (cal) | Primer first used |