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Prediction results retrieved after performance evaluation of WHO approved 34 primers to estimate their binding affinities for 3892 SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used
AY.43.7 (Delta)	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
B.1.1.331	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
B.1.177.46	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
B.1.370	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
B.1.36.12	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
BM.1.1.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
JN.11.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
JN.17	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
ML.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16362.7	Japan
BA.5.2.14	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16355	Japan
BA.2.83	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-16351.7	Japan
GK.1.7	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	ATTTGAAACAAAGACACCTTCAC	23	34.78	24856	24834	R	-16351.7	Japan
B.1.532	N	SC2	CTGCAGATTTGGATGATTTCTCC	23	43.48	29463	29485	F	-16341.6	US
BM.2	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-1	CTCCCTTTGTTGTGTTGT	18	44.44	12797	12780	R	-16340.7	France
XBB.1.6	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16333.7	Japan
JG.4	S	NIID WH-1 Seq F24383R24865	AAGACTCACTTTCTTCCACAG	21	42.86	24366	24386	F	-16333.7	Japan
JC.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-16329.3	Japan
KP.4.2.2	N	HKU-N	TAATCAGACAAGGAACTGATTA	22	31.82	29145	29166	F	-16323.9	Hong Kong
B.1.590	E	Niu-E	CACGTTAACAATATTGCAGC	20	40	26391	26372	R	-16283.8	China
AY.105 (Delta)	S	WuhanCoV-spk1	TGTGGTTCATAAAAATTCCTTTGTG	25	32	24900	24876	R	-16270.5	Japan
XBC.1.3	ORF1ab	Charité-ORF1b	GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG	22	54.55	15431	15452	F	-16270.2	Germany
FF.1	E	Huang-E	ACTTCTTTTTCTTGCTTTCGTGGT	24	37.5	26295	26318	F	-16218.9	China
BA.2.75.10	ORF1ab	Pasteur-ORF1ab-2	CTGGTCAAGGTTAATATAGG	20	40	14186	14167	R	-16208.9	France
B.1.1.315	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
AD.2	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
AD.1	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
GA.4.1	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
JM.1	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
B.1.595.2	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
AY.21 (Delta)	N	US-CDC-N-2	GCGCGACATTCCGAAGAA	18	55.56	29230	29213	R	-16197.2	US
DQ.1	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-16188.7	Japan
B.1.357	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-16188.7	Japan
B.1.37	N	NIID-JP-N	TGGCAGCTGTGTAGGTCAAC	20	55	29282	29263	R	-16188.7	Japan
P.6	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
XBB.2.9	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
AZ.2.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
B.1.1.318	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
AZ.5	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
AZ.2	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
B.1.1.282	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
XBB.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
BF.29	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
AZ.3	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
AZ.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
B.1.1.187	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
BA.5.1.7	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
GW.1	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
XBB.1.5.21	S	NIID WH-1 F24381R24873	TCAAGACTCACTTTCTTCCAC	21	42.86	24364	24384	F	-16180	Japan
KF.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-16167.4	Japan
GS.4.1	ORF1ab	NIID WH-1 Seq F519R840	GACATAGCGAGTGTATGCC	19	52.63	823	805	R	-16167.4	Japan
Lineage (WHO label)	Target Gene	Primer Name	Primer Sequence	Primer Length	Primer GC Content (%)	Start Position	End Position	Primer Direction	ΔG (cal)	Primer first used